• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a dispenser comprising a hollow body (1) that rotates about a shaft (2) solidly connected to a chassis, in accordance with the advance of the chassis. The body (1) has an apparatus for sucking up and blowing seeds, with suction chambers (for example, bellows (16)), which are disposed inside the body (1) and attached to the body (1) and to a cylinder (15) that is mounted in free rotation on an eccentric auxiliary shaft (17) attached to the shaft (2). Each bellows (16) is in communication with a small through-hole (23) in the surface of the body (1), by means of a channel (20). The auxiliary shaft (17) is attached to the shaft (2) such that each bellows (16) begins to fill when the hole (23) is opposite a tank (6) and begins to empty when same is opposite a discharge opening (8).
    公开号:ES2804618A2
    申请号:ES202090019
    申请日:2018-02-23
    公开日:2021-02-08
    发明作者:Escariz Oscar Monteagudo
    申请人:Escariz Oscar Monteagudo；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0002] Pneumatic dispenser of seeds or other granular elements and agricultural apparatus that carries it
    [0004] TECHNICAL SECTOR
    [0006] The present invention refers to a pneumatic dispenser for seeds and / or other granular elements, applicable to a seeder, among other uses. Its purpose is to improve energy efficiency and reliability at low cost, so that seeds, tablets, fertilizers, or granular elements in general are correctly dosed, placing an element at each point.
    [0008] The preferred field of application of the invention would be agricultural, horticultural or gardening machines.
    [0010] STATE OF THE ART
    [0012] Until now for monograin dosing, for example of fine and irregular seeds, mechanical distribution systems have not been sufficiently precise, so precision pneumatic distribution systems are used. These systems, for the most part, work by suction, others by blowing and some by a combination of both, but all need a source of generation of that air pressure / depression external to the distributor itself and generally common for several seeding modules. The most common source is a turbine driven by the tractor's PTO and connected by flexible pipes to each sowing module. These systems are bulky and require high fuel consumption.
    [0014] The small ones, with 1 to 4 rows, are driven by a walking tractor type machine with the same operating system as the large ones. This system is smaller, but it also requires a turbine that increases the weight and increases the risk of failure as it is made up of many parts.
    [0016] These pneumatic seeder systems have several drawbacks, such as:
    [0017] - The price is high and not affordable for small farmers.
    [0018] - The weight is high, which causes compaction of the ground.
    [0019] - Energy consumption is high and usually corresponds to internal combustion engines, that is, to non-renewable sources.
    [0020] - They are not suitable for manual seeders whose only source of energy is human power.
    [0021] - They are not suitable for seeders pulled by animals still very common in many countries.
    [0022] - They are not suitable for the agriculture of the future based on autonomous mini agricultural robots with electric propulsion and equipped with GPS and sensors.
    [0024] The applicant does not know of any dispenser similar to the invention, neither for seed nor for other similar uses.
    [0026] BRIEF EXPLANATION OF THE INVENTION
    [0028] The invention consists of a pneumatic dispenser of seed for sowing or other granular materials, with its own pressure / depression generator according to the claims. It also refers to an agricultural machine that incorporates it.
    [0030] The present invention solves the drawbacks of the prior art in terms of how to increase the energy efficiency of this type of apparatus, offering a light, ecological, economical and reliable system that automatically selects the seed to be placed in each moment.
    [0032] Specifically, the seed dispenser for sowing is of the type that has a chassis that can be carried by wheels, although the dispenser itself can act as a wheel. This dispenser contains a mobile selector device, which rotates with the body, and a static loading device, blocked in rotation. The loading equipment contains a deposit of seeds or granular material, a discharge area communicated with an outlet for the seeds to the ground. Between the tank and the discharge, it preferably includes a passage channel with adjustable elements that close or open the passage, to eliminate excess seeds and allow only one to pass. In the body it has a new device for suction / blowing of the seeds, which extracts them from the tank and drifts them, one by one, to the discharge. Therefore, the suction and blowing apparatus is located in a hollow body adjacent to the planting equipment.
    [0033] In a novel way, the body of the invention is arranged to rotate around an axis integral with the chassis. If the dispenser is incorporated into a mobile device, such as a seeder, the body must rotate while moving over the field to sow or dose fertilizer, in a coordinated manner. For this, the body and the selector equipment can be connected to a wheel, be a wheel, be moved by the same motor that rotates the driving wheel or by another motor. In this way, the seeds or granular elements will be uniformly distributed in some holes of the selector equipment and from there to the sowing furrow.
    [0035] For its part, the suction and blowing apparatus comprises one or more suction chambers (for example bellows) arranged inside the body and fixed to the body at one end. The other end of the suction chambers will be attached to a circular guide eccentric with respect to the axis. For example, the circular guide can be a cylinder mounted in free rotation around an auxiliary axis eccentrically fixed to the main axis. The position of the eccentric circular guide is especially relevant, as will be seen later.
    [0037] The interior of each aspiration chamber is communicated with the selector equipment through a channel. The selector equipment has one or more holes for each channel and suction chamber. This hole is lower than the minimum section of the seed (or granule) to be used. In other words, any air stream that enters or leaves each suction chamber will be directed towards or from the corresponding orifice of the selector equipment where the seed adheres.
    [0039] The eccentric position of the circular guide where the suction chambers are fixed, and therefore of the filling and emptying phases of the suction chambers, is calculated so that each suction chamber starts filling when the corresponding hole faces the reservoir, to collect a seed, and initiates its emptying when the hole faces the discharge and in a position such that the seed enters the discharge when it is released or blown. Thus, when the seed is released from the hole, it falls on the discharge and from there it passes to the exit and the sowing furrow.
    [0041] As a first preferred variant, the selector equipment is formed by a disk (or another type of module with a surface complementary to the loader equipment) fixed on one or both flat sides of the body and the holes are oriented towards the outside of the the sides of the body, which is where the loading equipment is located, with their respective elements. The pressure / depression generation equipment will go inside the body
    [0043] In a second variant, the selector device comprises a hollow cylinder fixed to the perimeter or to the sides of the mobile body. And the loader equipment, blocked in rotation, is located on the selector equipment (in all or part of its perimeter). Inside the body, the pressure / depression generating equipment will continue to be towards where the orifices are oriented.
    [0045] The suction chambers can contain removable filters and be adjustable, to adapt to different sizes of seeds. For example, by varying the eccentricity of the auxiliary shaft or the diameter of the cylinder. A second way is to open an adjustable auxiliary outlet that makes the suction power lose. Sorter kits can be interchangeable to suit the type or size of seed or granule. On the other hand, if desired, one or more suction chambers can be deactivated by opening the adjustable auxiliary outlet until it has a section greater than the orifice. In this way, its aspiration is negligible and it cannot trap seeds or granules.
    [0047] The invention also refers to an agricultural machine, such as a fertilizer spreader or a seeder, for distributing seeds, individual fertilizer grains ... on one or more furrows, with the aforementioned dispenser.
    [0049] Other variants will be discussed at other points in the memory.
    [0051] DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
    [0053] For a better understanding of the invention, the following figures are included.
    [0055] Figure 1: general view of an embodiment of the invention.
    [0057] Figure 2: detail of the interior of the body of the embodiment of figure 1, in the area of the shaft and the auxiliary shaft.
    [0059] Figure 3: detail of the interior of the body of the embodiment of figure 1, in the area where a suction chamber (bellows) contacts the interior of the body.
    [0060] Figure 4: front view of the loading equipment with the seed tank and discharge area next to the outside of the side cover of the body, in the embodiment of figure 1.
    [0062] Figure 5: schematic section of a new embodiment, in which several lateral suction chambers take the seed or others from central loading equipment.
    [0064] MODES OF EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
    [0066] An embodiment of the invention will be briefly described below, as an illustrative and non-limiting example thereof.
    [0068] In particular, the embodiment shown in the figures will be described used in a seed dosing process for sowing. It should be noted that other uses are possible, and that this description is only an example.
    [0070] In the embodiment of figure 1 a general diagram of an embodiment of the invention can be seen. It comprises a hollow body (1), whose shape can be approximately cylindrical or of revolution (at least on the outside), mounted on a chassis (3) and crossed by a longitudinal axis (2) fixed to the chassis (3). The chassis (3) will normally have a series of elements (not shown), common in seeders, either manual or motorized: furrowers, furrow covers, motors, wheels, ...
    [0072] The body (1) of the figures comprises two covers (4) on its two flat sides, of which at least one forms a selector unit. That is to say, that cover comprises holes (23) that will be discussed later. The covers (4) that correspond to selector equipment are oriented towards a loading equipment (5) that includes a tank (6) for the seeds, an opening (7) for filling the tank (6), a discharge hole (8 ) of the seeds and a channel between them with double seed removal elements (not shown). This channel is arc-shaped, and preferably has adjustable elements that vary their pitch at a starting point, connected to the tank (6). When the hole (23) has captured several seeds, the adjustable elements only allow the passage of one, and the others fall back to the tank (6). These types of elements are known in the art and need no further explanation.
    [0073] As can be seen in the figures, in this embodiment the loading equipment (5) corresponds to a thick disk shape, although it may be another type of module with a complementary surface to the loading equipment (5). In other embodiments not shown, the selector equipment will be a hollow cylinder around or on the sides of the body (1) and the loading equipment (5) will be placed on it, for example, in the shape of a C.
    [0075] It is equally possible that both covers (4) have a selector equipment and a loading equipment at their side, which may be symmetrical. Its characteristics will be seen later.
    [0077] Each loading equipment (5) comprises the discharge hole (8) towards an outlet (10) that releases the seed on the sowing furrow. The loading equipment (5) is pressed against the selector equipment of the lid (4), for example by a spring arranged on the shaft (2). In any case, the body (1) must be able to suck a seed at one point of the loading equipment (5) and drop it at another point.
    [0079] A stop (11) anchored to the loader (5) and to the shaft (2) or to the chassis (3) prevents the loader (5) from rotating on the shaft (2) driven by the rotation of the body (1). Other locking systems are equally applicable.
    [0081] The interior of the body (1) is seen in Figures 2 and 3. The internal suction and blowing mechanism of the embodiment is based on the eccentric circular guide, which in the case represented corresponds to a main shaft (2) and a auxiliary shaft (17) fixed eccentrically with respect to the shaft (2) in a zone approximately central to the body (1). The forces are transmitted to the auxiliary shaft (17) through the shaft (2).
    [0083] The auxiliary shaft (17) carries a cylinder (15) with freedom of rotation facilitated by a bearing (14). This cylinder (15) serves as anchoring to a series of suction chambers, which in this case have been represented as bellows (16), which are arranged radially inside the body (1). In the embodiment shown there are four bellows (16) distributed around the entire perimeter of the cylinder (15). These bellows (16) have been represented as a natural "bellows" shape, but they are perfectly replaceable by any other type of chamber, elastic or not, which has the property of varying the internal volume as a function of the shortening and stretching of its ends.
    [0084] Another example of an eccentric circular guide can be a fixed cylindrical prism, attached to the shaft (2), which has channels on its lateral surface for the movement of carriages that carry the ends of the suction chambers.
    [0086] Figure 3 shows the part of the bellows (16) furthest from the auxiliary shaft (17). The bellows (16) are fixed inside the body (1) by means of plates (19) fixed to the inside wall of the body (1). The entire body (1) and its contents rotate around the axis (2), which remains static. The bellows (16) as they make their angular travel with respect to the axis (2) are lengthening and shrinking, as they are mounted on the cylinder (15), which is located eccentrically. Therefore, they need to be filled and emptied of air. For this they have holes (21), communicated with channels (20) which in this case are internal to the plates (19). The air enters and leaves the bellows (16) from the outside of the holes (23) of the selector equipment that are of a sufficient size to suck in the seeds, but smaller than that of the seed to be dosed to prevent the seed from being able to access inside the bellows (16). Each hole (23) can be single, or multiple to catch an exact group of seeds or granules in each aspiration. In this way, when each bellows (16) lengthens, it can suck a seed and keep it on the hole (23) while the body (1) continues to rotate until the seed is placed on the discharge hole (8), at which time the bellows (16) begins to blow and releases the seed, pushing it into the sowing furrow if necessary.
    [0088] In the embodiment shown, four bellows (16) are incorporated, but the number depends on the distance at which the seeds are to be located. If you want to place them far apart, the dispenser may have fewer bellows (16), or deactivate some by opening an adjustable opening (18). In this way, the deactivated bellows (16) will not use its channel (20) for filling or emptying but the opening (18). If the seeds are to be sown closer together, the revolutions of the body (1) will be increased with respect to the advance on the field to be sown.
    [0090] If each cover (4) has a selector equipment and a loading equipment, the number of aspiration chambers connected to the shaft (2) can be doubled, so that each selector equipment will comprise its own set of aspiration chambers. Both sets of suction chambers can be in communication to equalize the internal pressures of the parallel suction chambers. Likewise, they can be out of phase so that the seeds or granules do not fall at the same time, but alternately.
    [0091] Likewise, each bellows (16) may comprise a removable filter and / or means for regulating the pressure or the aspirated volume. For example, varying the length of its attachment on the cylinder (15), varying the eccentricity of the shaft (17), or with pressure regulating valves in any part of the corresponding air circuit.
    [0093] Figure 4 shows a view of the cover (4) that contains the selector equipment with the holes (23) on which the loading equipment (5) rests. The position of the seed tank (6) and the presence of a discharge hole (8) that ends in the shape of a funnel to connect with the outlet (10) can be seen. This is generally a tube that can be extended or oriented to direct the seed as close to the furrow as possible even when the furrow is far from the path. It can be made removable, so that the length can be varied by replacing it.
    [0095] If the suction chambers are powerful enough, they can suck up several seeds or granules in parallel, so the outlet (10) can be unfolded, so that an orifice (23) is above each outlet (10), and they are distributed multiple units in parallel.
    [0097] As a person skilled in the art knows, the eccentric position of the cylinder (15) inside the body (1) must be correct so that the suction is made when the corresponding orifice (23) passes facing the tank (6) and the blowing when It is arranged on the discharge hole (8). To pass from one phase to the other, the body (1) will have rotated approximately 180 °.
    [0099] The body (1) can be rotated in various ways. For example, the body (1) can rest on the ground and act as a wheel. It can also be connected by a transmission system to a shaft of a driving wheel of the seeder. It can also be rotated by means of electric motors or others.
    [0101] If the selector equipment is arranged as a perimeter tube on the body (1), it must be rotated through a transmission or an electric motor and suspended from the ground so as not to obstruct any hole. Another way would be to make one or both covers (4) of a larger diameter so that they could roll on the ground, without the tube with the holes touching the ground. In this case, the seed tank (6) together with the discharge area and the channel that connects them would go on the tube and not on the covers (4).
    [0102] In the variant of figure 5 shows an alternative in which the body (1) has been unfolded in two, one on each side of the dispenser, and loading equipment (5), two in this embodiment, are arranged in the center. Any number is possible as long as the pneumatic connection allows it. As in the previous cases, the loaders (5) are blocked in rotation, while the bodies (1) have to rotate to carry out the dosage.
    权利要求:
    Claims (1)
    [0001]
    1- Pneumatic dispenser of seeds or other granular elements, comprising: a chassis (3), a loading equipment (5) blocked in rotation, with a seed tank (6) connected by a passage channel with a discharge hole ( 8) communicated with an outlet (10) of the seeds towards the ground; contiguous to one or more bodies (1) with respective apparatuses for sucking and blowing the seeds;
    characterized by that:
    each body (1) is rotatable around an axis (2), integral with the chassis (3); Each aspiration apparatus comprises one or more aspiration chambers that vary their internal volume in accordance with the variation of their length, fixed to the interior of the body (1) and to a circular guide eccentric with respect to the axis (2);
    the interior of each suction chamber being communicated with the loading equipment (5) through communication channels (20) with a hole (23) with reduced passage on the surface of the body (1);
    the eccentric circular guide being fixed to the shaft (2), in a position such that when the bodies (1) rotate, each suction chamber starts filling when the corresponding hole (23) faces the tank (6) and starts emptying when the corresponding hole (23) faces the discharge hole (8).
    2- Doser, according to claim 1, comprising a loading equipment (5) formed by a module on at least one side of the body (1) and the holes (23) are oriented towards or from the corresponding side or sides of the body ( 1).
    3- Doser, according to claim 1, whose loading equipment (5) formed by a hollow tube is located on the perimeter or on the sides of the body (1) and the holes (23) are oriented towards or from the perimeter or the sides of the body (1).
    4- Doser, according to claim 1, whose suction chambers or channels (20) have an adjustable opening (18) that communicates with the outside.
    5- Doser, according to claim 1, whose body (1) is a chassis wheel (3).
    6. Doser, according to claim 1, whose eccentric circular guide comprises a cylinder (15), mounted in free rotation on an auxiliary shaft (17) eccentrically fixed to the shaft (2), and attached to the suction chambers.
    7- Doser, according to claim 1, whose eccentric circular guide comprises a cylindrical prism with a series of perimeter channels where carriages connected to the suction chambers circulate.
    8- Agricultural apparatus, for distributing individual granular elements on one or more furrows, characterized in that it comprises a dispenser according to one of claims 1 to 7.
    9. Apparatus according to claim 8, which has one or more axes of rotation of wheels, one of them being connected by means of a rotation transmission system with the body (1) of the dispenser.
    类似技术:
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    ES2804618R2|2021-09-21|
    WO2019162537A1|2019-08-29|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    ES2013539A6|1989-06-09|1990-05-01|Concejo Sainz Pedro Antonio|Device for metering out seeds, for sowing machines|
    法律状态:
    2021-02-08| BA2A| Patent application published|Ref document number: 2804618 Country of ref document: ES Kind code of ref document: A2 Effective date: 20210208 |
    2021-09-21| EC2A| Search report published|Ref document number: 2804618 Country of ref document: ES Kind code of ref document: R2 Effective date: 20210914 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    PCT/ES2018/070137|WO2019162537A1|2018-02-23|2018-02-23|Pneumatic dispenser for seeds or other granular elements and agricultural apparatus that carries same|
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